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the horizontal force, is though the dropout
Yeah, but the pull down on the stay is actually larger (roughly double) than the pull back on the dropout, because levers.
gbj_tester-
My brain goes a bit weird when I try to work out the forces in a braking system. The brake resists the turning force of the wheel, which results in a reaction force at the dropout, but if the brake is essentially horizontal to the dropout (as in discs, drums and chainstay-mounted rim brakes) then that reaction force acts vertically (hence the issue of front wheels jumping down out of the dropouts on cheap forks with disc brakes). The force actually stopping the bike has to act horizontally, presumably as a reaction to the force exerted by the ground on the tyre.
ffm
Very true! Presumably the actual retarding force on the bike i.e., the horizontal force, is though the dropout though, as it is with all brakes.