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It removes particles from the airflow before they reach the shop vac.
(Dyson took his idea from cyclones attached to factory dust extractors.)
Any increase on the amount of tubing will decrease the effective power, but it will be more than compensated by the fact that the filters won't fill up and block airflow.
There's load of YouTube videos on how well they work.
And on building extraction systems for workshops!
Y'all be wanting a cyclone extractor - connect it inline with your vac.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B0185Z5C7C
And if you're ever planning on kicking up a lot of plaster dust, having it go through a wet filter would help too.