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The basics are this;
M stem is shorter with less reach than an S, so fitting a flat bar to an m type is pretty low, lower than an s type.
You can go lower, the easiest option is the Joseph kuosac mid rise bar, cheap, no need to cut cables because the bars are wider, so you space the levers/shifters out and the cables are fine.
Otherwise, new stem (you can only have these fitted by a dealer, not just buy one u less used) and bars and cables... £130 stem, £30 bars, £10 a cable kit
M types were made before s types, they are generally more popular, people who can’t decide, or who are guided to be “normal” or “average” buy m types, they are in the middle, relaxed but not a h type... people also think m types have better resale’s, which isn’t true because there are more m types around so the supply demand ratio means s types are more sellable if anything
How easy/cost-effective is it to change out M handlebars for flatter ones? Is it only the height that's different between M/S or is the reach different too?
There seem to be a lot more cheap second hand M models for sale than S.