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A pulley can work either way around. If pulling loose end A results in half cable pull and double tension at loose end B, pulling loose end B results in double cable pull and half tension at loose end A. Right?
You could do the exact same thing at the caliper end of the system to half the cable pull, if you wanted to use V-brake levers with road calipers for example. Release the cable from the housing at the clamp somehow, loop it through the adjuster, run it back and clamp it normally.
Edit: it's just like gearing on a bike pretty much. If your gearing ratio is 2:1 then each turn of the cranks spins the wheel twice. Thus turning the wheel once turns the cranks 0.5 times.
Edit: really hope I've got all this right, I seem to be the only one who thinks it's going to work.
No, the opposite, it pulls twice the cable with half the force. Where before there was one length of cable being pulled out by the lever there are now two, so the net result is double cable pull. Hope you can make sense of my crap diagram... If we call the distance to the pulley at rest x, each stretch of cable increases from x to x + d so net increase of 2d. It definitely seems to pull twice the cable using the old Eyeball Gauge
It's a non-destructive modification, sort of, in that if it doesn't work it can still be used as a normal road pull lever.