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although now not all cycling paths are mandatory in Germany (I speak from berlin experience). only the signed ones, meaning not the incredibly shit ones which are effectively the pavement.
doesnt refrain bmw (80%) drivers of the time to shout at you while pointing at the cycling path. having been in several situations where I could explain the damn drivers I am not obliged to ride on the cycling path and why (its frankly dangerous to use them) they generally tone down.
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Yes, I posted about that fairly recently:
https://www.lfgss.com/comments/13860236/
Some old articles about it (in German):
An interesting account of the struggles they've had in Hamburg:
https://hamburg.adfc.de/verkehr/themen-a-z/radwegebenutzungspflicht/radwegbenutzungspflicht/
They even have a leaflet for drivers who encounter cyclists riding in the carriageway:
Here's the report on the judgement of the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (essentially the same as that of the Bavarian Administrative Court, which it confirmed in all points):
Even so, this is far from satisfactory, of course, as it leaves a couple of loopholes or "Gummiparagraphen", and de facto very little has been done on the ground (apart from some major cities, it seems--it's good to hear about Berlin).
He is, yes. There has never been legislation as restrictive as that in the Netherlands (introduced under German occupation).