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Interesting. Only safe* answer is to cut it all apart and draw a circuit diagram :)
This thread on YACF suggests that the Luxos U sends a half wave rectified supply to the rear so there's never a negative half of the supply and the Supernova rear light wouldn't work connected in one of the two polarities.
ie in one polarity, the LEDs are fine because they are receiving only positive half-wave pulses and so they will light. In the other polarity they are receiving only negative half-wave pulses and so never see the forward current that will make them light.*not safe for the light...
But my tail light won't light up if the connectors are plugged in one way, but will work if plugged the other way. Surely if the output was AC it wouldn't matter?