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The Court of Arbitration in Sport (CAS) has criticised the UCI previously on the margins of error in the metabolism of Salbutamol previously and the figure they’ve set.
It looks like the test came on the stage to Los Machucos, the day when he struggled and was reported to be ill. He knew he’d be tested, Salbutamol is easy to detect so it looks like negligence to me, rather than intent to cheat.
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That doesn't stop a ban and annulment of results being the punishment though. The AD guys can take intent and reduce the penalty but there's always going to be a penalty, unless the system is corrupted.
EDIT: Wrong, there is a get-out...
"will be considered as an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) unless the Athlete proves, through a controlled pharmacokinetic study, that the abnormal result was the consequence of the use of the therapeutic dose (by inhalation) up to the maximum dose indicated above."
I don't really know anything about the subject, but this suggests it is permormance enhancing.
But indeed that doesn't yet mean he would've taken more of it than allowed.