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You may have been in a situation where the rule is 'right before left'. In many areas, little give-way lines have been painted, but as far as I can work out, these are effectively only designed to show where a junction is if the side street is badly visible to approaching traffic. When I was growing up there were no road markings at junctions of minor streets that indicated priority at all, the only rule being that you had to give way to traffic from the right. That rule is still in force. Priority is only indicated by signage and markings at junctions of minor streets with more major streets, e.g. the 'give way' triangle that's painted in the carriageway in Britain is usually a sign in Germany. (They are taking over more of the British stuff, though, most annoyingly roundabouts. Every bloody village now seems to want one.)
Re: turning left - last time I was in Copenhagen I came up on a junction and out of habit just slowed waiting for a gap to turn across it. Everyone went fucking mental and I was told you're supposed to do a hook turn and wait in front of the traffic to your right and go with that. I swear I've seen signs advising that on some junctions in Amsterdam too. Seems way more dangerous to me in that you'll potentially get flattened by traffic turning right.