-
A long bit of steel with a bolt on the end. Rest the long bit of steel against the side of the head tube and the side of the seat tube, and adjust the bolt until it's just touching the inside of the rear dropout. Then transfer it to the other side and see what the clearance is (if any) between the end of the bolt and the inside face of the dropout. If it's the same, the frame is basically straight. Rather than a bolt you can have a pivoting swingy bit of stuff, but the principle is the same.
What DIY methods can be used for checking frame alignment? I know of using strings from the headtube to the drop outs to check the rear triangle alignment and sighting from the front to check the headtube-seattube alignment. Any more?