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We're in the same aero-layman boat, then :-)
Turbo will probably cause the frame to flex more than during actual riding (assuming same gearing/torque/effort), with the front wheel stationary and rear squashed into the turbo. In that situation, if you upgrade to a slightly stiffer crank, the frame will flex more... Crank will still make a difference though, particularly when on the road/track.
Yep, Gebhardt rings are great for the money!
Yeah, it's probably all about the edges and angles of which the wind comes on the surface. These round surfaces sound more aero to me as an aero-layman.
Standing starts are a thing. I tend to span my bike into the turbo trainer occasionally, and I am always surprised to see how much flex is in my (rather cheap) alu frame. Not sure whether I would notice it in the cranks, due to a lack of experience. But I will try it asap.
Chainrings are another story. I always have been fond of the Gebhardt one as a cheap replacement for Zen's. They are thick, rather heavy and pretty solid.