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Its basically operating as a janky, lucky dip friction shift now so if it were possible, i'd consider that route.
There's surprisingly no issue with the mech getting into the 42t sprocket. It seems like I can either get the top or bottom half of the cassette working nicely but not together. I'll have a look at the b-screw. I've never heard of a unidirectional chain but I'll also have a look at that. Cheers.
@SteadyCam
I wouldn't suggest trying to friction shift 10spd cassettes, it's tricky enough with 8! RD-M772 uses the standard road pull ratio so should work fine but it may be struggling to reach up to a 42T sprocket (the shimano docs say it'll do a low sprocket of 32T-36T). While those are conservative numbers you're a way over the spec, ~1" extra on the diameter. Have a tweak with the B-screw to see if you can improve the situation.
As an alternative, you haven't got a unidirectional shimano chain on the wrong way round have you?