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85'c is fine.
Somewhere above 95'c for a sustained period is tougher. Not because of the CPU itself, but at this point the environment starts to matter and too much humidity and you could be boiling the moisture in the air as it comes into contact with parts ;)
The CPU is good for < 90'c for a sustained period of time. Most CPUs idle at 45-50'c even when doing nothing.
You are unlikely to be damaging your CPU. Additionally, even when transcoding the CPU will be idle quite a lot between buffering to network, hard drives or even to RAM. The temperature is an average anyway.
Velocio
Sorry, thought I'd put that. Motherboard is ASRock H81M-DGS R2.0 The BIOS has a whole load of fan customisation available but the fan always runs at the same speed.
I've tried fancontrol. When I run the pwmconfig none of the fans change speed so it says they aren't able to be controlled.
@Velocio I'm mixing terminologies a little. The CPU has one of these http://www.nofancomputer.com/eng/products/CR-80EH.php
as it's passive the air in the case heats up under load which is what I want to turn a fan on to clear.
The temperature I'm measuring is from the CPU/motherboard.
The case fan is actually plugged into the CPU fan jumper, although I've also tried it on the chassis fan jumper. I was assuming that they were sensor bound as there are BIOS settings for fan speed but they don't seem to do anything.
I can find very little info on safe CPU temps. If 85C is OK for two or three hours (and rarely that) then the option is just to leave the passive cooling. It idles around 35C or so so there's no issue there.
Cheers