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how would this ever be so far off?
How far off is it? You have over long screws holding the hanger to the dropout, which you can fix easily to sort out the lock ring interference. You have fat American aluminium stays which the chain hits, which you can fix by buying a skinny steel Italian frame like Campag is supposed to fit :-)
I'd check the lock ring torque, should be ~40Nm but a lot of people don't tighten them enough and you might win 1/4 turn there, 0.25mm could be enough to fix minor interference issues.
If you could find a shim the right size to go between the axle end cap and spacer B, you could up your OLN to 130.5mm which would cause no new problems anywhere and would probably solve all your old problems at once.
Getting truly nitty-gritty, you could run 11-speed chain to score another 0.1mm of clearance between chain and stay.
Seems unlikely, the dishing would be way off and you probably wouldn't have enough dérailleur travel to get bottom gear.