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I'd agree with you for the differences in speeds on the commute, but on the open road that's simply nonsense. I get a 1-2kph ave speed difference between two different carbon bikes, with a 1kg ish weight difference - main difference between them being the winter and summer tyres, I guess. So the difference between a massive heavy steel beast and a carbon speedy will be huge, especially when the road goes uphill.
Nah, you got it right, placebo effect.
I'm lucky to have a 13kg touring bike to commute in, which make it easier to compare to the sub 8kg road bike (and the sub 10kg randonneur), the biggest difference I've notice are acceleration, especially from standstill, but once you get up to speed, the difference become smaller.
The sub 8kg road bike feel the quickest of them all, but the bike computer just show that it's no different to riding on the 13kg touring bike.