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After May 2005. You can use a singlespeed, just not fixed.
ARTICLE 1.3.009
“The bicycle should have handlebars which allow it to be ridden and manoeuvred in
any circumstances and in complete safety.”
Bicycles used in road and cyclo-cross events must be fitted with an efficient braking
system that acts on both wheels (either simultaneously or independently) operated
by two brake levers. The use of a fixed gear in competition is prohibited. Bicycles shall
have at least 89 mm clearance between the pedal spindle and the front tyre when
turned to any position in accordance with the requirements of the EN14781 safety
standard to not be hindered when turning
Fixed used to be UCI-legal for individual time trials, when did it change?