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Very good thinking outside of the box, would have been nice to do that via a garmin but an android would be just fine. Then send the data to a server via GSM (so no wifi range issue) to then treat the data directly on the laptop.
EDIT: and I already have a real time pull data system
Getting the real time data out is only 20% of the job, then getting those data to speak is the real deal but i have few ideas for that, i do exactly that all day.
So, thinking about it, why do you need the Garmin at all? You need a way of getting either ANT+ or BLE/Bluetooth Smart data from the powermeter to the laptop. I think you could do that with the right Android device or iPhone, then use wifi or cellular data to get it from the phone to the laptop.
Added: so what @danstuff said at the top of the page.