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It's the internal width that barely changed, whether the outer width differ massively from 7 to 11
Not quite true. The inner width changed once, from 3/32" to 11/128", at the transition from 8-speed to 9-speed. Therefore, you can use 8-speed chain on anything from 3/32" single up to 8-speed, and on 9/10/11-speed you can use any chain with the same or higher speed rating.
TL;DR 10-speed chain on a 9-speed cassette is fine.
10 speed chain on 9 speed cassette. Firey imminent death or long and happy old age?