Actually, in theory this could work.
For a gear ratio it is not relevant how many teeth the chainwheel has. What is relevant is its diameter in relation to the diameter of the cog.
A circumference of, lets say, 42 teeth is usually a fixed length.
Now what they do, is stretch these 42 teeth over a greater length (by making the teeth smaller, allowing the chain to slip in place) and thus increasing the diameter of the chainwheel, which in turn increases the gear ratio.
I don't think it's a good idea and I don't think it's necessary but it is possible...
Actually, in theory this could work.
For a gear ratio it is not relevant how many teeth the chainwheel has. What is relevant is its diameter in relation to the diameter of the cog.
A circumference of, lets say, 42 teeth is usually a fixed length.
Now what they do, is stretch these 42 teeth over a greater length (by making the teeth smaller, allowing the chain to slip in place) and thus increasing the diameter of the chainwheel, which in turn increases the gear ratio.
I don't think it's a good idea and I don't think it's necessary but it is possible...