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Technically it will probably be earthed by the two screws that attach to the box as the socket will bring bare earth contacts to the screw hole area.
It's not a proper test (ie. not under a decent current load), but a simple way to test a mains ring for very obvious wiring issues is to isolate the power entirely at the consumer unit, and then measure the resistance at a single mains socket round the live ring, neutral ring, and earth ring.
Isn't there an earth to the back box missing?