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@Lukas
25.4 Standard comes from English and was adopted by U.S., hence we have 31.8mm/1-1/4"'oversize' bar/stem sizing that came from the world of mountain bikes, which originate from the U.S..
English imperial sizing was adopted by Japan, which is why until recently (when the NJ-89 stem was released in 2012), only 25.4mm stuff could have an NJS stamp.
26.0 Is euro standard, rounded-up so firms could produce alu stems that just about fit existing imperial bars, while still being able to fit bars made from metric diameter European tubing.