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About 10mm should be enough to diminish the shear layer drag to a small value without wrecking the flow off the seat tube and onto the wheel too much. As 6pt says, you need tunnel time to find the optimum, but more than a usual tunnel you also need a way of measuring the rear wheel's resistance to rotation while it's in the tunnel, as you're aiming to offset an increase in translational drag with a reduction in rotational drag. On the other hand, if you're just playing on the track then I doubt that there's more than 5W to be found between any wheel position from slammed forwards to hanging off the back.
On a Dolan DF4, like this:
(different spec, same frame), do I want the rear wheel as close to the seat post as possible, or more of a gap like in the photo? Common sense says as close as possible, but I know from experience that common sense rarely applies to aerodynamics.