• Vertical deflection features used to be quite effective and were associated with large decreases in crashes. They are said to have saved lives. However, I'm sure that their increasing proliferation was a factor in greatly improved suspension in cars, and you now rarely see people having to slow down for them.

    (There are exceptions; an engineer told me once that early on when there wasn't a spec for humps yet, they were told to just make them as high as the kerb next to them, which resulted in a lot of humps that are now way beyond the spec that was introduced later. Many of them still exist and I have seen even 4x4 drivers slowing down for them.)

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