none of that talks about biomechanics though, i don't ride long cranks for efficiency but for comfort - long legs like to pedal big circles to achieve proper extension from the knee and ankle, it feels uncomfortable to ride 165's for me. with some practice i could probably ride 165 with no issues and get decent speeds too, however i've been riding 175/177.5/180 for 20 years and i can feel the difference on a shorter crank arm (probably not with flat pedals though)
none of that talks about biomechanics though, i don't ride long cranks for efficiency but for comfort - long legs like to pedal big circles to achieve proper extension from the knee and ankle, it feels uncomfortable to ride 165's for me. with some practice i could probably ride 165 with no issues and get decent speeds too, however i've been riding 175/177.5/180 for 20 years and i can feel the difference on a shorter crank arm (probably not with flat pedals though)